American civil aviator Bessie Coleman was the first female pilot of African American descent, the first African American woman to hold a pilot license and the first American woman to hold an international pilot license.
A public library in Chicago was named in Coleman’s honor, as are roads at O’Hare International Airport in Chicago, Oakland International Airport in Oakland, California, Tampa International Airport in Florida, and at Frankfurt International Airport.
A memorial plaque has been placed by the Chicago Cultural Center at the location of her former home, 41st and King Drive in Chicago, and by custom, black aviators drop flowers during flyovers of her grave at Lincoln Cemetery. Several Bessie Coleman Scholarship Awards have been established for high school seniors planning on careers in aviation and the U.S. Postal Service issued a 32-cent stamp honoring her in 1995. In 2006, she was inducted into the National Aviation Hall of Fame and in 2012 a bronze plaque with was installed on the front doors of Paxon School for Advanced Studies located on the site of the Jacksonville airfield where Coleman’s fatal flight took off.
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During World War II, a small population of indigenous Melanesian islanders was direct witness to the largest war effort ever mobilized. The vast amounts of military equipment and supplies airdropped by the Japanese and then the Allies introduced drastic changes to the lifestyle of the residents. Many had never even seen outsiders before, let alone the likeness of a massive Black Friday drone drop of goods and people.
With the end of the war, the military abandoned the airbases and stopped dropping cargo from the heavens. To encourage the deliveries of food, arms, Jeeps, etc. , cult members imitated the same practices they had seen the soldiers, sailors, and airmen do. They performed parade ground drills with wooden or salvaged rifles, carved headphones from wood, waved landing signals from fabricated control towers, lit signal fires and torches to light up runways and lighthouses and actually built life-size replicas of airplanes out of straw parking them on new military-style landing strips hoping to attract more gift-giving airplanes. The cult members thought that the foreigners had some special connection to the deities and ancestors of the natives, who were the only beings powerful enough to produce such riches.


Garrison’s guest in this segment is classically trained dancer, choreographer, mentor and educator Ingrid Graham. Ingrid has performed and presented choreography at the Edinburgh Festival, Merce Cunningham, Dance Under The Stars Choreography Festival, California African American Museum and the Brooklyn Academy of Music. She danced with the Pacific Northwest Ballet and as a guest artist at Stephen Sondheim’s Gala Benefit in NYC. Ingrid’s commercial dance clients include Victoria’s Secret, Pharrell Williams, Latin Grammy Awards, Nike and Saks Fifth Avenue among others. She produced and choreographed several dance films that have received honors and screened at the Tribeca Film Festival, Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, ADF International Screendance Festival at Duke University and the Los Angeles Movie Awards. She is a former Hadar Foundation scholar and ballet award recipient from the National Foundation for Advancement in the Arts. Ingrid has also appeared in Vogue, Glamour and Vibe Magazine.
Like a great classic book or symphony, Dorie Clark is one of those cornerstone branding experts who beckons you to keep going back to the wisdom well for a fresh drink.
